# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
__all__ = [
'LXMLTreeBuilderForXML',
'LXMLTreeBuilder',
]
try:
from collections.abc import Callable # Python 3.6
except ImportError as e:
from collections import Callable
from io import BytesIO
from io import StringIO
from lxml import etree
from bs4.element import (
Comment,
Doctype,
NamespacedAttribute,
ProcessingInstruction,
XMLProcessingInstruction,
)
from bs4.builder import (
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML,
FAST,
HTML,
HTMLTreeBuilder,
PERMISSIVE,
ParserRejectedMarkup,
TreeBuilder,
XML)
from bs4.dammit import EncodingDetector
LXML = 'lxml'
def _invert(d):
"Invert a dictionary."
return dict((v,k) for k, v in list(d.items()))
class LXMLTreeBuilderForXML(TreeBuilder):
DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASS = etree.XMLParser
is_xml = True
processing_instruction_class = XMLProcessingInstruction
NAME = "lxml-xml"
ALTERNATE_NAMES = ["xml"]
# Well, it's permissive by XML parser standards.
features = [NAME, LXML, XML, FAST, PERMISSIVE]
CHUNK_SIZE = 512
# This namespace mapping is specified in the XML Namespace
# standard.
DEFAULT_NSMAPS = dict(xml='http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace')
DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED = _invert(DEFAULT_NSMAPS)
# NOTE: If we parsed Element objects and looked at .sourceline,
# we'd be able to see the line numbers from the original document.
# But instead we build an XMLParser or HTMLParser object to serve
# as the target of parse messages, and those messages don't include
# line numbers.
# See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1846906
def initialize_soup(self, soup):
"""Let the BeautifulSoup object know about the standard namespace
mapping.
:param soup: A `BeautifulSoup`.
"""
super(LXMLTreeBuilderForXML, self).initialize_soup(soup)
self._register_namespaces(self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS)
def _register_namespaces(self, mapping):
"""Let the BeautifulSoup object know about namespaces encountered
while parsing the document.
This might be useful later on when creating CSS selectors.
This will track (almost) all namespaces, even ones that were
only in scope for part of the document. If two namespaces have
the same prefix, only the first one encountered will be
tracked. Un-prefixed namespaces are not tracked.
:param mapping: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes to URIs.
"""
for key, value in list(mapping.items()):
# This is 'if key' and not 'if key is not None' because we
# don't track un-prefixed namespaces. Soupselect will
# treat an un-prefixed namespace as the default, which
# causes confusion in some cases.
if key and key not in self.soup._namespaces:
# Let the BeautifulSoup object know about a new namespace.
# If there are multiple namespaces defined with the same
# prefix, the first one in the document takes precedence.
self.soup._namespaces[key] = value
def default_parser(self, encoding):
"""Find the default parser for the given encoding.
:param encoding: A string.
:return: Either a parser object or a class, which
will be instantiated with default arguments.
"""
if self._default_parser is not None:
return self._default_parser
return etree.XMLParser(
target=self, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, encoding=encoding)
def parser_for(self, encoding):
"""Instantiate an appropriate parser for the given encoding.
:param encoding: A string.
:return: A parser object such as an `etree.XMLParser`.
"""
# Use the default parser.
parser = self.default_parser(encoding)
if isinstance(parser, Callable):
# Instantiate the parser with default arguments
parser = parser(
target=self, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, encoding=encoding
)
return parser
def __init__(self, parser=None, empty_element_tags=None, **kwargs):
# TODO: Issue a warning if parser is present but not a
# callable, since that means there's no way to create new
# parsers for different encodings.
self._default_parser = parser
if empty_element_tags is not None:
self.empty_element_tags = set(empty_element_tags)
self.soup = None
self.nsmaps = [self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED]
self.active_namespace_prefixes = [dict(self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS)]
super(LXMLTreeBuilderForXML, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def _getNsTag(self, tag):
# Split the namespace URL out of a fully-qualified lxml tag
# name. Copied from lxml's src/lxml/sax.py.
if tag[0] == '{':
return tuple(tag[1:].split('}', 1))
else:
return (None, tag)
def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding=None,
exclude_encodings=None,
document_declared_encoding=None):
"""Run any preliminary steps necessary to make incoming markup
acceptable to the parser.
lxml really wants to get a bytestring and convert it to
Unicode itself. So instead of using UnicodeDammit to convert
the bytestring to Unicode using different encodings, this
implementation uses EncodingDetector to iterate over the
encodings, and tell lxml to try to parse the document as each
one in turn.
:param markup: Some markup -- hopefully a bytestring.
:param user_specified_encoding: The user asked to try this encoding.
:param document_declared_encoding: The markup itself claims to be
in this encoding.
:param exclude_encodings: The user asked _not_ to try any of
these encodings.
:yield: A series of 4-tuples:
(markup, encoding, declared encoding,
has undergone character replacement)
Each 4-tuple represents a strategy for converting the
document to Unicode and parsing it. Each strategy will be tried
in turn.
"""
is_html = not self.is_xml
if is_html:
self.processing_instruction_class = ProcessingInstruction
# We're in HTML mode, so if we're given XML, that's worth
# noting.
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML.warn_if_markup_looks_like_xml(markup)
else:
self.processing_instruction_class = XMLProcessingInstruction
if isinstance(markup, str):
# We were given Unicode. Maybe lxml can parse Unicode on
# this system?
# TODO: This is a workaround for
# https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1948551.
# We can remove it once the upstream issue is fixed.
if len(markup) > 0 and markup[0] == u'\N{BYTE ORDER MARK}':
markup = markup[1:]
yield markup, None, document_declared_encoding, False
if isinstance(markup, str):
# No, apparently not. Convert the Unicode to UTF-8 and
# tell lxml to parse it as UTF-8.
yield (markup.encode("utf8"), "utf8",
document_declared_encoding, False)
# This was provided by the end-user; treat it as a known
# definite encoding per the algorithm laid out in the HTML5
# spec. (See the EncodingDetector class for details.)
known_definite_encodings = [user_specified_encoding]
# This was found in the document; treat it as a slightly lower-priority
# user encoding.
user_encodings = [document_declared_encoding]
detector = EncodingDetector(
markup, known_definite_encodings=known_definite_encodings,
user_encodings=user_encodings, is_html=is_html,
exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings
)
for encoding in detector.encodings:
yield (detector.markup, encoding, document_declared_encoding, False)
def feed(self, markup):
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
markup = BytesIO(markup)
elif isinstance(markup, str):
markup = StringIO(markup)
# Call feed() at least once, even if the markup is empty,
# or the parser won't be initialized.
data = markup.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
try:
self.parser = self.parser_for(self.soup.original_encoding)
self.parser.feed(data)
while len(data) != 0:
# Now call feed() on the rest of the data, chunk by chunk.
data = markup.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
if len(data) != 0:
self.parser.feed(data)
self.parser.close()
except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError, etree.ParserError) as e:
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e)
def close(self):
self.nsmaps = [self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED]
def start(self, name, attrs, nsmap={}):
# Make sure attrs is a mutable dict--lxml may send an immutable dictproxy.
attrs = dict(attrs)
nsprefix = None
# Invert each namespace map as it comes in.
if len(nsmap) == 0 and len(self.nsmaps) > 1:
# There are no new namespaces for this tag, but
# non-default namespaces are in play, so we need a
# separate tag stack to know when they end.
self.nsmaps.append(None)
elif len(nsmap) > 0:
# A new namespace mapping has come into play.
# First, Let the BeautifulSoup object know about it.
self._register_namespaces(nsmap)
# Then, add it to our running list of inverted namespace
# mappings.
self.nsmaps.append(_invert(nsmap))
# The currently active namespace prefixes have
# changed. Calculate the new mapping so it can be stored
# with all Tag objects created while these prefixes are in
# scope.
current_mapping = dict(self.active_namespace_prefixes[-1])
current_mapping.update(nsmap)
# We should not track un-prefixed namespaces as we can only hold one
# and it will be recognized as the default namespace by soupsieve,
# which may be confusing in some situations.
if '' in current_mapping:
del current_mapping['']
self.active_namespace_prefixes.append(current_mapping)
# Also treat the namespace mapping as a set of attributes on the
# tag, so we can recreate it later.
attrs = attrs.copy()
for prefix, namespace in list(nsmap.items()):
attribute = NamespacedAttribute(
"xmlns", prefix, "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/")
attrs[attribute] = namespace
# Namespaces are in play. Find any attributes that came in
# from lxml with namespaces attached to their names, and
# turn then into NamespacedAttribute objects.
new_attrs = {}
for attr, value in list(attrs.items()):
namespace, attr = self._getNsTag(attr)
if namespace is None:
new_attrs[attr] = value
else:
nsprefix = self._prefix_for_namespace(namespace)
attr = NamespacedAttribute(nsprefix, attr, namespace)
new_attrs[attr] = value
attrs = new_attrs
namespace, name = self._getNsTag(name)
nsprefix = self._prefix_for_namespace(namespace)
self.soup.handle_starttag(
name, namespace, nsprefix, attrs,
namespaces=self.active_namespace_prefixes[-1]
)
def _prefix_for_namespace(self, namespace):
"""Find the currently active prefix for the given namespace."""
if namespace is None:
return None
for inverted_nsmap in reversed(self.nsmaps):
if inverted_nsmap is not None and namespace in inverted_nsmap:
return inverted_nsmap[namespace]
return None
def end(self, name):
self.soup.endData()
completed_tag = self.soup.tagStack[-1]
namespace, name = self._getNsTag(name)
nsprefix = None
if namespace is not None:
for inverted_nsmap in reversed(self.nsmaps):
if inverted_nsmap is not None and namespace in inverted_nsmap:
nsprefix = inverted_nsmap[namespace]
break
self.soup.handle_endtag(name, nsprefix)
if len(self.nsmaps) > 1:
# This tag, or one of its parents, introduced a namespace
# mapping, so pop it off the stack.
out_of_scope_nsmap = self.nsmaps.pop()
if out_of_scope_nsmap is not None:
# This tag introduced a namespace mapping which is no
# longer in scope. Recalculate the currently active
# namespace prefixes.
self.active_namespace_prefixes.pop()
def pi(self, target, data):
self.soup.endData()
data = target + ' ' + data
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self.soup.endData(self.processing_instruction_class)
def data(self, content):
self.soup.handle_data(content)
def doctype(self, name, pubid, system):
self.soup.endData()
doctype = Doctype.for_name_and_ids(name, pubid, system)
self.soup.object_was_parsed(doctype)
def comment(self, content):
"Handle comments as Comment objects."
self.soup.endData()
self.soup.handle_data(content)
self.soup.endData(Comment)
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""See `TreeBuilder`."""
return '\n%s' % fragment
class LXMLTreeBuilder(HTMLTreeBuilder, LXMLTreeBuilderForXML):
NAME = LXML
ALTERNATE_NAMES = ["lxml-html"]
features = ALTERNATE_NAMES + [NAME, HTML, FAST, PERMISSIVE]
is_xml = False
processing_instruction_class = ProcessingInstruction
def default_parser(self, encoding):
return etree.HTMLParser
def feed(self, markup):
encoding = self.soup.original_encoding
try:
self.parser = self.parser_for(encoding)
self.parser.feed(markup)
self.parser.close()
except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError, etree.ParserError) as e:
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e)
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""See `TreeBuilder`."""
return '
%s' % fragment
"But I have only one disguise in the house--the old one." "How much is it, madame?" "9. Van Hoeyaerden, member of the Town Council. 121 Previous to his forty-ninth year, Plotinus wrote nothing. At that age he began to compose short essays on subjects which suggested themselves in the course of his oral teaching. During the next ten years, he produced twenty-one such278 papers, some of them only a page or two in length. At the end of that period, he made the acquaintance of his future editor and biographer, Porphyry, a young student of Semitic extraction, whose original name was Malchus. The two soon became fast friends; and whatever speculative differences at first divided them were quickly removed by an amicable controversy between Porphyry and another disciple named Amelius, which resulted in the unreserved adhesion of the former to the doctrine of their common master.415 The literary activity of Plotinus seems to have been powerfully stimulated by association with the more methodical mind of Porphyry. During the five years416 of their personal intercourse he produced nineteen essays, amounting altogether to three times the bulk of the former series. Eight shorter pieces followed during the period of failing health which preceded his death, Porphyry being at that time absent in Sicily, whither he had retired when suffering from the fit of depression already mentioned. He did not answer at once, but sat watching the trumpeter come out of the adjutant's office to sound recall. "Yes, she will marry," he agreed; "if no one else marries her, I will. I am as old as her father would have been but it would save telling some fellow about her birth." "You must get Mrs. Landor into the post to-morrow," Cairness said abruptly; "Victorio's band is about." The next day he left for the Circle K Ranch. Lawton did not appear to need help. But he fired a Greaser, nevertheless, and took Cairness on. He seemed to stand in as abject awe of Stone's note as an Arab might have stood of a bit of the black covering of the Kaabah stone. On the 9th of January, a month after their arrival, Lord Derwentwater was impeached of high treason by Mr. Lechmere in a bitter speech in the Commons. Other members, with equal acrimony, followed with impeachments against the Lords Widdrington, Nithsdale, Wintoun, Carnwath, Kenmure, and Nairn. The impeachments were carried up to the House of Lords on the same day, and on the 19th the accused noblemen were brought before the Peers, where they knelt at the bar until they were desired to rise by the Lord Chancellor, when, with the exception of Lord Wintoun, they confessed their guilt, and threw themselves on the mercy of the king. Sentence of death was immediately pronounced on those who had pleaded guilty; and Lord Wintoun was condemned after trial, but several months later he effected his escape from the Tower. Every effort was made to save the prisoners, and they were all reprieved, with the exception of Derwentwater, Kenmure, and Nithsdale. The first two were executed; but the Countess of Nithsdale, being about to take her leave of her husband, contrived, by introducing some friends, to secure his escape in female attire. Q, 200th Ind. Rush. Yours, Jim." "Reckon I can," said Albert good-naturedly, knowing that some day he might want his brother to do the same for him. "Lie there, dog!—there goes one of the accursed council!" and, springing up the step with a giant grasp, he seized the mitred chancellor by the neck, and dragged him forth into the centre of the church. HoME有没有泷泽萝拉的呀
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